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nroff
Original authorJoe Ossanna
DeveloperAT&T Bell Laboratories
ReleaseJune 12, 1972; 54 years ago (1972-06-12)
Operating systemUnix and Unix-like
TypeCommand

nroff (short for "new roff") is a text-formatting program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It produces output suitable for simple fixed-width printers and terminal windows. It is an integral part of the Unix help system, being used to format man pages for display.[1]

nroff and the related troff were both developed from the original roff. While nroff was intended to produce output on terminals and line printers, troff was intended to produce output on typesetting systems. Both used the same underlying markup and a single source file could normally be used by nroff or troff without change.

History

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nroff was written by Joe Ossanna for Version 2 Unix,[2] in Assembly language and then ported to C.

It was a descendant of the RUNOFF program from CTSS, the first computerized text-formatting program, and is a predecessor of the Unix troff document processing system.

Variants

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There is also a free software version of nroff in the groff package emulating the AT&T version,[3] widely used by Unix-like operating systems.[4]

The Minix operating system, among others, uses a clone of nroff called cawf by Vic Abell, based on awf, the Amazingly Workable Formatter designed in awk by Henry Spencer. These are not full replacements for the nroff/troff suite of tools, but are sufficient for display and printing of basic documents and manual pages.

In addition, a simplified version of nroff is available in Ratfor source code form as an example in the book Software Tools by Brian Kernighan and P. J. Plauger.[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "roff(7)". Linux manual pages.
  2. ^ McIlroy, M. D. (1987). A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986 (PDF) (Technical report). CSTR. Bell Labs. 139.
  3. ^ "nroff(1)". Linux manual pages.
  4. ^ "roff(7)". Linux manual pages. Unix-like operating systems often distribute a roff system... The GNU roff—groff is arguably the most widespread roff implementation.
  5. ^ "Software Tools Code".
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📚 Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Troff

Unix operating system. troff and the related nroff were both developed from the original roff. While nroff was intended to produce output on terminals

Markup language

industry can be found in typesetting tools on Unix systems such as troff and nroff. In these systems, formatting commands were inserted into the document text

Man page

for printing. By default, man typically uses a formatting program such as nroff with a macro package or mandoc, and also a terminal pager program such as

Roff (software)

first Unix text-formatting computer program, it is a predecessor of the nroff and troff document processing systems. Roff was a Unix version of the runoff

Groff (software)

mixed with formatting commands. It is the GNU replacement for the troff and nroff text formatters, which were both developed from the original roff. Groff

Elvis (text editor)

features, including syntax highlighting and built-in support for viewing nroff and HTML documents. Elvis is written by Steve Kirkendall and is distributed

Unix

preparation and typesetting systems, and included many related programs such as nroff, troff, tbl, eqn, refer, and pic. Some modern Unix systems also include

Eqn (software)

accepted the same input as eqn, but produced output tuned to look better in nroff. The eqn program was created in 1974 by Brian Kernighan and Lorinda Cherry