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groff
Original authorJames Clark
DeveloperGNU Project
ReleaseJune 1990; 36 years ago (1990-06)
Stable release
1.24.1[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 14 March 2026
Written inC++
TypeTypesetting
License2009: GPL-3.0-or-later[a]
1992: GPL-2.0-or-later[b]
1990: GPL-1.0-or-later[c]
Websitegnu.org/software/groff/
Repository

groff (/ˈdʒiːrɒf/ JEE-roff)[5] (also called GNU troff) is a typesetting system that creates formatted output when given plain text mixed with formatting commands.[6] It is the GNU replacement for the troff and nroff text formatters, which were both developed from the original roff.

Groff contains a large number of helper programs, preprocessors, and postprocessors including eqn, tbl, pic and soelim. There are also several macro packages included that duplicate, expand on the capabilities of, or outright replace the standard troff macro packages.

Groff development of new features is active, and is an important part of free, open source, and UNIX derived operating systems such as Linux and 4.4BSD derivatives — notably because troff macros are used to create man pages, the standard form of documentation on Unix and Unix-like systems.

OpenBSD has replaced groff with mandoc in the base install, since their 4.9 release,[7] as has macOS Ventura.

History

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groff is an original implementation written primarily in C++ by James Clark and is modeled after ditroff, including many extensions. The first version, 0.3.1, was released June 1990. The first stable version, 1.04, was announced in November 1991. groff was developed as free software to provide an easily obtained replacement for the standard AT&T troff/nroff package, which at the time was proprietary, and was not always available even on branded UNIX systems. In 1999, Werner Lemberg and Ted Harding took over maintenance of groff.[8]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ GPL-3.0-or-later since 2009-01-04.[2]
  2. ^ GPL-2.0-or-later from 1992-08-03 until 2009-01-04.[3]
  3. ^ GPL-1.0-or-later from 1990 until 1992-08-01.[4]

References

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  1. ^ Branden Robinson (14 March 2026). "groff 1.24.1 released". Retrieved 14 March 2026.
  2. ^ "1.20: Update GPL2 to GPL3".
  3. ^ "1.06: ChangeLog".
  4. ^ "1.02: groff.c".
  5. ^ Laha, Manas (17 June 2003). "An Introduction to the GNU Groff Text Processing System" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 Feb 2017.
  6. ^ "GNU troff (Groff) — a GNU project". www.gnu.org. Retrieved 2017-01-28. Groff (GNU troff) is a typesetting system that reads plain text mixed with formatting commands and produces formatted output.
  7. ^ Changes made between OpenBSD 4.8 and 4.9
  8. ^ FFII-Nachrichten 1999 Woche 20.
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📚 Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Groff

Groff may refer to: Groff (surname) groff (software), a typesetting computer program Groff (lychee), a variety of lychee fruit tree Groff v. DeJoy, a

Roff (software)

purchase one of the first PDP-11/45s produced.[citation needed] nroff troff groff Shotts, William E. (2019). The Linux command line: a complete introduction

WorldWideWeb

several others, including Bernd Pollermann, Robert Cailliau, Jean-François Groff, and visiting undergraduate student Nicola Pellow – who later wrote the

James Clark (programmer)

(born 23 February 1964) is a British software engineer and creator of various open-source software including groff, expat and several XML specifications

PIC (markup language)

for insertion into the document source. A version of pic is included in groff, the GNU version of troff. GNU pic can also act as a preprocessor for TeX

List of GNU packages

A number of notable software packages were developed for, or are maintained by, the Free Software Foundation as part of the GNU Project. Summarising the

Man page

enables users to browse their man pages using an HTML browser. Systems with groff and man-db should use the higher-quality native HTML output (man --html)

Nroff

troff document processing system. There is also a free software version of nroff in the groff package emulating the AT&T version, widely used by Unix-like