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Screenshot of a chromatogram inside the program "Sequencher"
Capillary Electrophoresis to Electropherogram process (Courtesy of www.biointeractive.org)
Generation of results

An electropherogram (also called electrophoretogram, sequencing chromatogram, EPG, and e-gram) is a record or chart produced when electrophoresis is used in an analytical technique, primarily in the fields of forensic biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry.[1] The method plots data points that represent a specific time and fluorescence intensity at various wavelengths of light to represent a DNA profile.[2][page needed]

In the field of genetics, an electropherogram is a plot of DNA fragment sizes, typically used for genotyping such as DNA sequencing.[3] The data is plotted with time, shown via base pairs (bps), on the x-axis and fluorescence intensity on the y-axis. Such plots are often achieved using an instrument such as an automated DNA sequencer paired with capillary electrophoresis (CE). Such electropherograms may be used to determine DNA sequence genotypes, or genotypes that are based on the length of specific DNA fragments or number of short tandem repeats (STR) at a specific locus by comparing the sample to internal size standards and allelic ladder data using the same size standard.[2][page needed] These genotypes can be used for:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Karabiber, F (2013). "A Peak Alignment Algorithm with Novel Improvements in Application to Electropherogram Analysis". Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. 11 (5): 1350011. doi:10.1142/S021972001350011X. PMC 4529286. PMID 24131055.
  2. ^ a b Butler, J. M. (2015). Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Interpretation. Elsevier..
  3. ^ Schwartz, H.; Guttman, A. (1995). Separation of DNA by Capillary Electrophoresis. Beckman.
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called electropherogram which is an intensity plot representation of an electrophoresis experiment (gel or capillary). In an electropherogram the X-axis

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stochastic threshold is the minimum peak height (RFU value), seen in an electropherogram where dropout occurs. If the peak height value is above this threshold

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Example of Microsatellite Instability in a DNA Electropherogram Trace

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Electropherogram of Sanger sequencing, performed to confirm exome sequencing findings. The results show a frameshift pathogenic variant of the WDR26 gene

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unequal peak heights and shapes in the electronic DNA sequence trace electropherogram (a type of chromatogram) after capillary electrophoresis (see figure