Bafomet (pengucapan bahasa Inggris: [ˈbæfɵmɛt], dari Bahasa Latin Abad Pertengahan Baphometh, baffometi, Bafometz) adalah suatu sosok imajinasi dewa berbentuk rusa pagan (yaitu sebuah produk cerita rakyat mengenai kaum pagan) yang dihidupkan kembali pada abad ke-19 sebagai figur okultisme dan setanisme. Nama ini pertama kali muncul di dalam Bahasa Latin dan Bahasa Provençal (sebuah dialek dari Prancis Selatan) abad ke-11 dan 12 sebagai bentuk manipulasi dari kata "lucifer",[1] tetapi kemudian muncul sebagai sebuah kata yang merujuk pada dewa pagan dalam dokumen Inkuisisi. Kesatria Kenisah di awal abad ke-14. Nama ini muncul pertama kali dalam pengertian bahasa percakapan Inggris popular pada abad ke-19 dalam perdebatan dan spekulasi mengenai alasan-alasan penindasan terhadap Kesatria Kenisah.[2] Semenjak tahun 1855, nama Bafomet telah dihubungkan dengan gambar "Kambing Duduk Bersila" karya Éliphas Lévi.
Lihat juga
sunting- Sejarah Ordo Bait Allah (Kesatria Kenisah)
Catatan
sunting- ^ ab Luy venseretz totz los cas/Cuy Bafometz a escarnitz/e·ls renegatz outrasalhitz' help you will defeat all the dogs whom Mahomet has led astray and the impudent renegades"). The relevant lines are translated in Michael Routledge (1999), "The Later Troubadours", in The Troubadours: An Introduction, Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 112.
- ^ "In the 19th century a fresh impetus was given to the discussion by the publication in 1813 of Raynouard's brilliant defence of the order. The challenge was taken up, among others, by the famous orientalist Friedrich von Hammer-Purgstall, who in 1818 published his Mysterium Baphometis revelatum, an attempt to prove that the Templars followed the doctrines and rites of the Gnostic Ophites, the argument being fortified with reproductions of obscene representations of supposed Gnostic ceremonies and of mystic symbols said to have been found in the Templars' buildings. Wilcke, while rejecting Hammer's main conclusions as unproved, argued in favour of the existence of a secret doctrine based, not on Gnosticism, but on the unitarianism of Islam, of which Baphomet (Mahomet) was the symbol Yule. On the other hand, Wilhelm Havemann (Geschichte des Ausganges des Tempelherrenordens, Stuttgart and Tubingen, 1846) decided in favour of the innocence of the order. This view was also taken by a succession of German scholars, in England by C. G. Addison, and in France by a whole series of conspicuous writers: e.g. Mignet, Guizot, Renan, Lavocat. Others, like Boutaric, while rejecting the charge of heresy, accepted the evidence for the spuitio and the indecent kisses, explaining the former as a formula of forgotten meaning and the latter as a sign of fraternité!" Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911.
Referensi
sunting- Barber, Malcolm (1994). The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42041-5.
- Barber, Malcolm (2006). The Trial of the Templars (Edisi 2nd). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521672368.
- Barber, Malcolm; Bate, Keith (2010). Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th-13th Centuries. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754663560.
- Budge, Ernest Alfred Wallis (1904). The Gods of the Egyptians: or, Studies in Egyptian Mythology. Vol. II volumes. London: Methuen & Co.
- Crowley, Aleister (1974). The Equinox of the Gods. New York: Gordon Press.
- Crowley, Aleister (1944). The Book of Thoth; A Short Essay on the Tarot of the Egyptians, being the Equinox, Volume III, No. V. London: Ordo Templi Orientis.
- Crowley, Aleister (1996-12). The Law is for All: The Authorized Popular Commentary of Liber Al Vel Legis sub figura CCXX, The Book of the Law. Louis Wilkinson (ed.). Thelema Media. ISBN 0972658386.
- Crowley, Aleister (2004). Magick: Liber ABA, Book 4, Parts I-IV. Hymenaeus. Beta (ed.). York Beach, Maine.: Samuel Weiser. ISBN 0877289190 9780877289197. ;
- Féraud, Raymond (1858). Sardou, A. L (ed.). La vida de Sant Honorat (La vie de Saint Honorat). Paris: P. Janet, Dezobry, E. Magdeleine & Co.
- Finke, Heinrich (1907). Papsttum und untergang des Templerordens: Quellen. Vol. Volume II. Muenster: Druck und verlag der Aschendorffschen buchhandlung.
- Games, Alex; Coren, Victoria (2007). Balderdash and Piffle, One Sandwich Short of a Dog's Dinner. ISBN 976-1-84607-235-2.
- Hodapp, Christopher (2005). "A crash course in Templar history". Freemasons for Dummies. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing.
- King, C. W. (1887) [1864]. The Gnostics and their Remains. London: David Nutt.
- Lévi, Éliphas (1861) [1855]. Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie. Vol. II volumes (Edisi 2nd). Paris: Hippolyte Baillière.
- Martin, Sean (2005). The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order. ISBN 1-56025-645-1.
- Michaud, Joseph Francois (1853). The History of the Crusades. Vol. Volume III. Trans. W. Robson. New York: Redfield.
- Michelet, Jules, ed. (1851). Le procès des Templiers. Vol. II volumes. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
- Michelet, Jules (1860). History of France. Vol. Volume I. Trans. G.H. Smith. New York: D. Appleton.
- Migne, Jacques Paul (1854). Godefridi Bullonii epistolae et diplomata; accedunt appendices.
- Murray, Margaret (1921). The Witch Cult in Western Europe: A Study in Anthropology. Oxford University Press.
- Nicolai, Friedrich (1782). Versuch über die Beschuldigungen welche dem Tempelherrenorden gemacht worden, und über dessen Geheimniß; Nebst einem Anhange über das Entstehen der Freymaurergesellschaft. Vol. II volumes. Berlin und Stettin.
- Partner, Peter (1987). The Knights Templar and Their Myth. ISBN 0-89281-273-7. (Previously titled The Murdered Magicians.)
- Paxton, Lee (2010). "Truth and Metaphor". Retreat From Reality. Lulu.com.
Philips, Walter Alison (1911). "Templars". Dalam Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (Edisi 11). Cambridge University Press. ; - Place, Robert M. (2005). The Tarot: History, Symbolism and Divination. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin. ISBN 1585423491.
- Pouille, Simon de (1968). Baroin, Jeanne (ed.). Simon de Pouille: Chanson de Geste. Geneva: Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-02428-0.
- Read, Piers Paul (1999). The Templars. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81071-9.
- Spunda, Franz. Baphomet: Der geheime Gott der Templer: ein alchimistischer Roman. ISBN 3-8655-2073-1.
- Waite, Arthur (1911). The Pictorial Key to the Tarot. London: W. Rider.
- Wright, Thomas (1865). "The Worship of the Generative Powers During the Middle Ages of Western Europe". Dalam Knight, Richard Payne (ed.). A Discourse on the Worship of Priapus. London: J. C. Hotten.
Pranala luar
sunting- Baphomet - The Symbolism of the Goat in Masonry.
- Myth of the Baphomet.
- Mysterium Baphometis Revelatum in PDF.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (Edisi 11). Cambridge University Press.
