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For the general topic of typographic styling, see Subscript and superscript.
For broader coverage of this topic, see Unicode subscripts and superscripts.
Superscripts and Subscripts
RangeU+2070..U+209F
(48 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsLatin (15 char.)
Common (27 char.)
Assigned42 code points
Unused6 reserved code points
Unicode version history
1.0.0 (1991)28 (+28)
3.2 (2002)29 (+1)
4.1 (2005)34 (+5)
6.0 (2010)42 (+8)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1][2]

Superscripts and Subscripts is a Unicode block containing superscript and subscript numerals, mathematical operators, and letters used in mathematics and phonetics. The use of subscripts and superscripts in Unicode allows any polynomial, chemical and certain other equations to be represented in plain text without using any form of markup like HTML or TeX. Other superscript letters can be found in the Spacing Modifier Letters, Phonetic Extensions and Phonetic Extensions Supplement blocks, while the superscript 1, 2, and 3, inherited from ISO 8859-1, were included in the Latin-1 Supplement block.

Block

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Superscripts and Subscripts[1][2][3]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+207x ⁰ ⁱ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁺ ⁻ ⁼ ⁽ ⁾ ⁿ
U+208x ₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ ₊ ₋ ₌ ₍ ₎
U+209x ₐ ₑ ₒ ₓ ₔ ₕ ₖ ₗ ₘ ₙ ₚ ₛ ₜ
Notes
1.^As of Unicode version 17.0
2.^Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
3.^Refer to the Latin-1 Supplement Unicode block for characters ¹ (U+00B9), ² (U+00B2) and ³ (U+00B3)

History

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The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Superscripts and Subscripts block:

Version Final code points[a] Count L2 ID WG2 ID Document
1.0.0 U+2070, 2074..208E 28 (to be determined)
L2/09-003R Moore, Lisa (2009-02-12), "General Category Change (B.14.5)", UTC #118 / L2 #215 Minutes
3.2 U+2071 1 L2/00-159 da Cruz, Frank (2000-03-31), Supplemental Terminal Graphics for Unicode
L2/00-115R2 Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M24", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
L2/00-329 N2265 Whistler, Ken (2000-09-19), Proposal for Terminal Graphic Symbols in the BMP
L2/01-050 N2253 Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2001-01-21), "Resolution M39.20 (Terminal Graphic Symbols)", Minutes of the SC2/WG2 meeting in Athens, September 2000
L2/09-003R Moore, Lisa (2009-02-12), "General Category Change (B.14.5)", UTC #118 / L2 #215 Minutes
4.1 U+2090..2094 5 L2/04-077 N2705 Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-02-02), Proposal to encode five Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS
L2/04-191 N2788 Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07), Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS
L2/04-156R2 Moore, Lisa (2004-08-13), "Indo-European laryngeals (A.16)", UTC #99 Minutes
6.0 U+2095..209C 8 L2/09-028 N3571 Ruppel, Klaas; Aalto, Tero; Everson, Michael (2009-01-27), Proposal to encode additional characters for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet
L2/09-195 Iancu, Laurențiu (2009-05-04), Proposal to reallocate eight phonetic subscripts
L2/09-104 Moore, Lisa (2009-05-20), "Consensus 119-C28", UTC #119 / L2 #216 Minutes
L2/09-304 Anderson, Deborah (2009-08-15), "T.4", US Position on PDAM 8
L2/09-225R Moore, Lisa (2009-08-17), "B.1.4.4.2", UTC #120 / L2 #217 Minutes
  1. ^ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.

📚 Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Unicode subscripts and superscripts

when these characters were added to Unicode was to produce true superscripts and subscripts so that chemical and algebraic formulas could be written without

Subscript and superscript

than the rest of the text. Subscripts appear at or below the baseline, while superscripts are above. Subscripts and superscripts are often used in formulas

Latin script in Unicode

Extensions Supplement, 1D80–1DBF Latin Extended Additional, 1E00–1EFF Superscripts and Subscripts, 2070–209F Letterlike Symbols, 2100–214F Number Forms, 2150–218F

Phonetic symbols in Unicode

(2000–206F), IPA example: Linking (absence of a break) (203F) Superscripts and Subscripts (2070–209F), IPA example: Nasal release (207F) Arrows (2190–21FF)

Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode

science, and engineering List of letters used in mathematics and science List of mathematical uses of Latin letters Unicode subscripts and superscripts Unicode

Greek alphabet

shapes, so as of Unicode 4.1, Coptic and Greek were disunified. Those Coptic letters with no Greek equivalents still remain in this block (U+03E2 to U+03EF)

Unicode block

A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode

Unicode equivalence

(ffi), Roman numerals like U+2168 (Ⅸ) and even subscripts and superscripts, e.g. U+2075 (⁵) have their own Unicode code points. Canonical normalization