Proto-Jermanik, juga disebut Jermanik Umum atau Ur-Jermanik, adalah bahasa proto yang direkonstruksi dari seluruh bahasa Jermanik, termasuk bahasa Inggris.[1] Proto-Jermanik sendiri adalah turunan dari bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa (PIE).
Catatan
sunting- ^ Sumber lainnya mengatakan bahwa nama umum yang digunakan dalam sastra bahasa Inggris oleh sarjana-sarjana terkenal adalah Bahasa Orangtua Jermanik (Primitif). Contohnya, lihat Bloomfield, Leonard (1984). Language. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. hlm. 298–299. ISBN 0-226-06067-5.
Referensi
sunting- Bennett, William Holmes (1980). An Introduction to the Gothic Language. New York: Modern Language Association of America.
- Campbell, A. (1959). Old English Grammar. London: Oxford University Press.
- Cercignani, Fausto (1972). "Indo-European ē in Germanic". Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung. 86 (1): 104–110.
- Cercignani, Fausto (1973). "Indo-European eu in Germanic". Indogermanische Forschungen. 78: 106–112.
- Cercignani, Fausto (1979). "Proto-Germanic */i/ and */e/ Revisited". Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 78 (1): 72–82.
- Krahe, Hans and Meid, Wolfgang. Germanische Sprachwissenschaft, 2 vols., de Gruyter, Berlin (1969).
- Orel, Vladimir (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden; Boston; Internet: Brill; Internet Archive.
- Plotkin, Vulf (2008). The Evolution of Germanic Phonological Systems: Proto-Germanic, Gothic, West Germanic, and Scandinavian. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen.
- Ramat, Anna Giacalone and Paolo Ramat (Eds.) (1998). The Indo-European Languages. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-06449-X.
- Ringe, Donald A. (2006). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. Linguistic history of English, v. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-955229-0.
- Voyles, Joseph B. (1992). Early Germanic Grammar. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-728270-X.
- Guus, Kroonen (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, 11. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-18340-7.
Pranala luar
sunting- W.P. Lehmann & J. Slocum (eds.) A Grammar of Proto-Germanic (Online version) Diarsipkan 2007-11-08 di Wayback Machine.
- Proto-Germanic nominal and pronominal paradigms
- A dictionary of Proto-Germanic (in German)
- Another dictionary of Proto-Germanic
- Charles Prescott. "Germanic and the Ruki Dialects"
- Table Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine.: Germanic & PIE -ia and -ja stems compared across reference sources
