| Polistes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Polistes gallicus | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah 
| |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Arthropoda |
| Kelas: | Insecta |
| Ordo: | Hymenoptera |
| Famili: | Vespidae |
| Tribus: | Polistini |
| Genus: | Polistes Latreille, 1802 |
| Spesies tipe | |
| Polistes gallicus | |
| Sinonim[2] | |
| |
Polistes adalah sebuah genus tawon kertas kosmopolitan dan menjadi satu-satunya genus dalam tribus Polistini. Nama umum untuk genus ini mencakup tawon payung, yang pertama kali digunakan oleh Walter Ebeling pada 1975 untuk membedakannya dengan jenis-jenis tawon kertas lainnya. Nama ini merujuk kepada betuk sarang mereka, dan tawon kertas payung. Polistes adalah genus terbesar pada famili Vespidae, dengan lebih dari 200 spesies yang telah diakui.
Spesies
sunting- Polistes actaeon Haliday, 1836
- Polistes adelphus Richards, 1978
- Polistes adustus Bingham, 1897
- Polistes affinis Gusenleitner, 2006
- Polistes africanus Palisot de Beauvois, 1818
- Polistes albicinctus de Saussure, 1890
- Polistes albocalcaratus du Buysson, 1905
- Polistes angulinus Richards, 1951
- Polistes angusticlypeus Gusenleitner, 2006
- Polistes annularis (Linnaeus, 1763)
- Polistes apachus (de Saussure, 1857)
- Polistes apicalis de Saussure, 1858
- Polistes aquilinus du Buysson, 1905
- Polistes arizonensis Snelling, 1954
- Polistes arthuri Cameron, 1901
- Polistes assamensis Bingham, 1897
- Polistes associus Kohl, 1898
- Polistes asterope Cameron, 1901
- Polistes asterope arvidi Petersen, 1990
- Polistes asterope asterope Cameron, 1901
- Polistes asterope narupi Petersen, 1990
- Polistes aterrimus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes atrimandibularis Zimmermann, 1930
- Polistes atrox Richards, 1978
- Polistes aurifer de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes austroccidentalis Van Achterberg & Neumeyer, 2017[3]
- Polistes badius Gerstaecker, 1871
- Polistes bahamensis Bequaert & Salt, 1931
- Polistes balder Kirby, 1888
- Polistes bambusae Richards, 1978
- Polistes bambusae bambusae Richards, 1978
- Polistes bambusae humboldti Richards, 1978
- Polistes bellicosus Cresson, 1872
- Polistes bequaertellus Snelling, 1983,
- Polistes bequaerti von Schulthess, 1921
- Polistes bequaertianus Willink, 1954
- Polistes bicolor Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes biglumis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Polistes biguttatus Haliday, 1836
- Polistes billardieri Fabricius, 1804
- Polistes billardieri biglumoides Ducke, 1904
- Polistes billardieri billardieri Fabricius, 1804
- Polistes billardieri ruficornis de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes binotatus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937
- Polistes bituberculatus du Buysson, 1905
- Polistes boharti Snelling, 1983
- Polistes brevifissus Richards, 1978
- Polistes brunus Nguyen & Carpenter, 2017[4]
- Polistes bucharensis Petersen, 1990[3]
- Polistes buruensis Erichson, 184
- Polistes buyssoni Brèthes, 1909
- Polistes callimorphus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Polistes canadensis borientalis Richards, 1978
- Polistes canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Polistes candidoi von Ihering, 1903
- Polistes capnodes van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes capnodes capnodes van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes capnodes incomptus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes capnodes quadrifasciatus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes carnifex (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes carnifex boliviensis Bequaert, 1936
- Polistes carnifex carnifex (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes carnifex carnifex Latreille, 1817
- Polistes carolina (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Polistes cavapyta de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes cavapytiformis Richards, 1978
- Polistes celebensis Selis, 2018
- Polistes chinensis (Fabricius, 1793)
- Polistes chinensis antennalis Pérez, 1905
- Polistes chinensis chinensis (Fabricius, 1793)
- Polistes cinerascens de Saussure, 1854
- Polistes claripennis Ducke, 1904
- Polistes clavicornis van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes comanchus de Saussure, 1857
- Polistes comanchus comanchus de Saussure, 1857
- Polistes comanchus navajoe Cresson, 1868
- Polistes communalis Nguyen, Vu, & Carpenter, 2017[4]
- Polistes consobrinus de Saussure, 1858
- Polistes contrarius Cheesman, 1951
- Polistes crinitus (Felton, 1765)
- Polistes crinitus americanus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes crinitus crinitus (Felton, 1765)
- Polistes crinitus multicolor (Olivier, 1792)
- Polistes cubensis Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes davillae Richards, 1978
- Polistes dawnae Dover & Rao, 1922
- Polistes deceptor Schulz, 1905
- Polistes defectivus Gerstaecker, 1871
- Polistes delhiensis Das & Gupta, 1984
- Polistes diabolicus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes diakonovi Kostylev, 1940
- Polistes dominicus (Vallot, 1802)
- Polistes dominula (Christ, 1791)
- Polistes dorsalis (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes dorsalis californicus Bohart, 1949
- Polistes dorsalis clarionensis Bohart, 1949
- Polistes dorsalis dorsalis (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes dorsalis maritimus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes dorsalis neotropicus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes ebsohinus Sonan, 1943
- Polistes eburneus Bequaert, 1943
- Polistes elegans Smith, 1859
- Polistes ellenbergi du Buysson, 1908
- Polistes ephippium Cameron, 1900
- Polistes erythrinus Holmgren, 1868
- Polistes erythrocephalus Latreille, 1813
- Polistes esperanzae Selis, 2018
- Polistes exclamans Viereck, 1906
- Polistes extraneus Kirby, 1883
- Polistes facilis de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes fastidiosus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes ferreri de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes flavitarsis Selis, 2018
- Polistes flavobilineatus (Cameron, 1902)
- Polistes flavus Cresson, 1868
- Polistes foederatus Kohl, 1898[3]
- Polistes fordi van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes formosanus Sonan, 1927
- Polistes franciscanus Richards, 1978
- Polistes fuscatus (Fabricius, 1793)
- Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Polistes geminatus Fox, 1898
- Polistes geminatus geminatus Fox, 1898
- Polistes geminatus guyanensis Cameron, 1912
- Polistes gigas (Kirby, 1826)
- Polistes goeldii Ducke, 1904
- Polistes haugi du Buysson, 1906
- Polistes hebridensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes hebridensis erromangensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes hebridensis hebridensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes hebridensis malekulensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes hebridensis vilensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes helveticus Neumeyer, 2014[5]
- Polistes hirsuticornis Buck, 2012[6]
- Polistes horrendus Gusenleitner, 2006
- Polistes huacapistana Richards, 1978
- Polistes huisunensis Kuo, 1987
- Polistes humeralis Polašek, 2023
- Polistes humilis (Fabricius, 1781)
- Polistes humilis centrocontinentalis Giordani Soika, 1975
- Polistes humilis humilis (Fabricius, 1781)
- Polistes humilis synoecus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes incertus Cresson, 1865
- Polistes indicus Stolfa, 1934
- Polistes infuscatus Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes infuscatus anduzei Bequaert, 1943
- Polistes infuscatus ecuadorius Richards, 1978
- Polistes infuscatus infuscatus Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes infuscatus mariae Richards, 1978
- Polistes infuscatus metensis Richards, 1978
- Polistes instabilis de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes intermedius Kojima, 1988
- Polistes iranus Guiglia, 1976
- Polistes japonicus de Saussure, 1858
- Polistes jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887
- Polistes kaibabensis Hayward, 1932
- Polistes khasianus Cameron, 1900
- Polistes laevigatissimus Giordani Soika, 1975
- Polistes lanio (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes lanio lanio (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes lanio satanulus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes lanio weberi Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes lateritius Smith, 1857
- Polistes latinis Das & Gupta, 1984
- Polistes legnotus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes lepcha Cameron, 1900
- Polistes lineonotus Bohart, 1949
- Polistes loveridgei Bequaert, 1938
- Polistes lycus Cameron, 1901
- Polistes macrocephalus Bequaert, 1918
- Polistes madecassus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes madiburensis von Schulthess, 1921
- Polistes major Palisot de Beauvois, 1818
- Polistes major bonaccensis Bequaert, 1937
- Polistes major castaneicolor Bequaert, 1936
- Polistes major colombianus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes major major Palisot de Beauvois, 1818
- Polistes major weyrauchi Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes mandarinus de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes maranonensis Willink, 1964
- Polistes marginalis (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes marginalis baidoensis Giordani Soika, 1944
- Polistes marginalis lindensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes marginalis marginalis (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes marginalis meruensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes maroccanus Schmid-Egger, 2017[3]
- Polistes meadeanus von Schulthess, 1913
- Polistes melanopterus Cameron, 1911
- Polistes melanosoma de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes melanotus Richards, 1978
- Polistes mertoni du Buysson, 1913
- Polistes metricus Say, 1831
- Polistes mexicanus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes minor Palisot de Beauvois, 1818
- Polistes mongolicus Buysson, 1911[3]
- Polistes moraballi Richards, 1951
- Polistes myersi Bequaert, 1934
- Polistes myersi curassavicus Richards, 1978
- Polistes myersi myersi Bequaert, 1934
- Polistes mysteriosus Bequaert, 1938
- Polistes niger Brèthes, 1903
- Polistes nigrifrons Smith, 1859
- Polistes nigrifrons nigrifrons Smith, 1859
- Polistes nigrifrons obdurus Cheesman, 1951
- Polistes nigrifrons stotherti Meade-Waldo, 1916
- Polistes nigritarsis Cameron, 1900
- Polistes nigrosericans Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes nimpha (Christ, 1791)
- Polistes ninabamba Richards, 1978
- Polistes nipponensis Pérez, 1905
- Polistes notatipes Richards, 1978
- Polistes obscurus de Saussure, 1863
- Polistes occipitalis Ducke, 1904
- Polistes occultus Kojima, 1988
- Polistes oculatus Smith, 1857
- Polistes olivaceus (DeGeer, 1773)
- Polistes opacus Gusenleitner, 2006
- Polistes ornatus Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes pacificus Fabricius, 1804
- Polistes palmarum Bequaert, 1936
- Polistes paraguayensis Bertoni, 1921
- Polistes parametricus Buck, 2012[6]
- Polistes penai Richards, 1978
- Polistes penthicus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes penthicus ater Petersen, 1990
- Polistes penthicus malaitensis van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes penthicus penthicus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes perflavus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes peruvianus Bequaert, 1934
- Polistes philippinensis de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes poeyi Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes poeyi haitiensis Bequaert and Salt, 1931
- Polistes poeyi poeyi Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes praenotatus Kohl, 1908
- Polistes pseudoculatus Snelling, 1955
- Polistes quadricingulatus Gusenleitner, 2006
- Polistes ridleyi Kirby, 1890
- Polistes riekii Richards, 1978
- Polistes riparius Yamane & Yamane, 1987
- Polistes rossi Bohart, 1949
- Polistes rothneyi Cameron, 1900
- Polistes rothneyi carletoni van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi engeli van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi grahami van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi gressitti van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi hainanensis van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi helvenacus van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi ingrami van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi iwatai van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi koreanus van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi krombeini van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi quatei van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi robinsoni van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi rothneyi Cameron, 1900
- Polistes rothneyi sikkimensis van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi tibetanus van der Vecht, 1968
- Polistes rothneyi vechti Das and Gupta, 1984
- Polistes rothneyi rothneyi Matsumura, 1911
- Polistes rubellus Gusenleitner, 2006
- Polistes rubiginosus Lepeletier, 1836[6]
- Polistes rufidens de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes rufiventris Ducke, 1904
- Polistes rufodorsalis Yamane & Kusigemati, 1985
- Polistes sagittarius de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes santoshae Das & Gupta, 1984
- Polistes satan Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes saussurei Dalla Torre, 1894
- Polistes schach (Fabricius, 1781)
- Polistes semenowi Morawitz, 1889
- Polistes semiflavus Holmgren, 1868
- Polistes sgarambus Giordani Soika, 1975
- Polistes shirakii Sonan, 1943
- Polistes sikorae de Saussure, 1900
- Polistes similis Das & Gupta, 1984
- Polistes simillimus Zikán, 1951
- Polistes simulatus Smith, 1860
- Polistes simulatus halmaheirensis Petersen, 1990
- Polistes simulatus morotaiensis Petersen, 1990
- Polistes simulatus obiensis Petersen, 1990
- Polistes simulatus simulatus Smith, 1860
- Polistes smithii de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes smithii neavei von Schulthess, 1921
- Polistes smithii smithii de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes snelleni de Saussure, 1862
- Polistes stabilinus Richards, 1978
- Polistes stenopus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes stenopus brandti van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes stenopus ganonganus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes stenopus manni van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes stenopus stenopus van der Vecht, 1972
- Polistes stigma (Fabricius, 1793)
- Polistes stigma alagari Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma bernardii Le Guillou, 1841
- Polistes stigma dubius de Saussure, 1867
- Polistes stigma galatheae Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma goestai Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma jani Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma maculipennis de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes stigma madsi Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma manillensis de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes stigma nebulosus Yamane & Kusigemati, 1985
- Polistes stigma novarae de Saussure, 1867
- Polistes stigma papuanus Schulz, 1905
- Polistes stigma pouli Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma sauiensis Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma stigma (Fabricius, 1793)
- Polistes stigma svendi Petersen, 1987
- Polistes stigma tamulus (Fabricius, 1798)[7]
- Polistes stigma townsvillensis Giordani Soika, 1975
- Polistes stigma tualensis Petersen, 1987
- Polistes strigosus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes strigosus atratus Das and Gupta, 1989
- Polistes strigosus mimus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes strigosus strigosus Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes subsericeus de Saussure, 1854
- Polistes takasagonus Sonan, 1943
- Polistes tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836
- Polistes tenebris Nguyen & Lee 2017[4]
- Polistes tenellus du Buysson, 1905
- Polistes tenellus lahejensis Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes tenellus minutissimus Giordani Soika, 1981
- Polistes tenellus tenellus du Buysson, 1905
- Polistes tenuipunctatus Selis, 2018
- Polistes tenuispunctia Kim, 2001
- Polistes tepidus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes tepidus batjanensis Cameron, 1911
- Polistes tepidus malayanus Cameron, 1906
- Polistes tepidus manusensis Petersen, 1990
- Polistes tepidus picteti de Saussure, 1853
- Polistes tepidus speciosus du Buysson, 1913
- Polistes tepidus tepidus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polistes tepidus theodori Petersen, 1990
- Polistes testaceicolor Bequaert, 1937
- Polistes thoracicus Fox, 1898
- Polistes torresae Silveira, 1994
- Polistes tristis Meade-Waldo, 1911
- Polistes tullgreni Schulz, 1906
- Polistes utakwae Meade-Waldo, 1916
- Polistes variabilis (Fabricius, 1781)
- Polistes veracrucis Richards, 1978
- Polistes versicolor (Olivier, 1792)
- Polistes versicolor flavoguttatus Bequaert, 1934
- Polistes versicolor kaieteurensis Bequaert, 1934
- Polistes versicolor versicolor (Olivier, 1792)
- Polistes wattii Cameron, 1900
- Polistes watutus Kojima, 1988
- Polistes weyrauchorum Willink, 1964
- Polistes williamsi Petersen, 1990
- Polistes xanthogaster Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes xanthogaster willei Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes xanthogaster xanthogaster Bequaert, 1940
- Polistes xantholeucus van der Vecht, 1984
Referensi
sunting- ^ Carpenter, James M. (2008). "Review of Hawaiian Vespidae (Hymenoptera)" (PDF). Occasional Papers of the Bishop Museum. 99: 1–18. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 6 September 2017.
- ^ "Polistes Latreille, 1802". Fauna Europaea. Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz & Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung. Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Schmid-Egger C, van Achterberg K, Neumeyer R, Morinière J, Schmidt S (2017) Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species – an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). ZooKeys 713: 53-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335
- ^ a b c Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong; Vu, Thuong Thi; Lee, John X.Q.; Carpenter, James M (2017). "Taxonomic notes on the Polistes stigma group (Hymenoptera, vespidae: Polistinae) from continental Southeast Asia, with descriptions of three new species and a key to species". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 65: 269–279. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2023.
- ^ Neumeyer, Rainer; Baur, Hannes; Guex, Gaston-Denis; Praz, Christophe (2014). "A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses". ZooKeys (400): 67–118. Bibcode:2014ZooK..400...67N. doi:10.3897/zookeys.400.6611. PMC 4023243. PMID 24843256.
- ^ a b c Buck, Matthias; Cobb, T.P.; Stahlhut, J.K.; Hanner, R.H. (1 Oktober 2012). "Unravelling cryptic species diversity in eastern Nearctic paper wasps, Polistes (Fuscopolistes), using male genitalia, morphometrics and DNA barcoding, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Zootaxa. 3502 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3502.1.1.
- ^ Castro, Leopoldo; Dvořák, Libor (2009). "New and noteworthy records of vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from the Palaearctic region (II)". Boletín Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (44): 295–304. Diakses tanggal 18 September 2023.
