📑 Table of Contents▼

The mating-type locus is a specialized region in the genomes of some yeast and other fungi, usually organized into heterochromatin and possessing unique histone methylation patterns. The genes in this region regulate the mating type of the organism and therefore determine key events in its life cycle, such as whether it will reproduce sexually or asexually. In fission yeast such as S. pombe, the formation and maintenance of the heterochromatin organization is regulated by RNA-induced transcriptional silencing, a form of RNA interference responsible for genomic maintenance in many organisms.[1] Mating type regions have also been well studied in budding yeast S. cerevisiae and in the fungus Neurospora crassa.[2]

Mating-type switching

edit

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating-type is determined by two non-homologous alleles at the mating-type locus. S. cerevisiae has the capability of undergoing mating-type switching, that is conversion of some haploid cells in a colony from one mating-type to the other. Mating-type switching can occur as frequently as once every generation. Switching involves homologous recombinational repair of a site specific, programmed double-strand break, a highly organized process.[3] This process replaces one mating type allelic DNA sequence with the sequence encoding the alternative mating-type allele. When two haploid cells of opposite mating type come into contact they can mate to form a diploid cell, a zygote, that may then undergo meiosis. Meiosis tends to occur under nutritionally limiting conditions associated with DNA damage.

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Noma, K; Sugiyama, T; Cam, H; Verdel, A; Zofall, M; Jia, S; Moazed, D; Grewal, S (2004). "RITS acts in cis to promote RNA interference-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing". Nat Genet. 36 (11): 1174–80. doi:10.1038/ng1452. PMID 15475954.
  2. ^ Staben, C; Yanofsky, C (1990). "Neurospora crassa a mating-type region". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87 (13): 4917–21. PMC 54232. PMID 2142304.
  3. ^ Haber, JE (May 2012). "Mating-type genes and MAT switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Genetics. 191 (1): 33–64. doi:10.1534/genetics.111.134577. PMC 3338269. PMID 22555442.
Stub icon

This cell biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

📚 Artikel Terkait di Wikipedia

Mating of yeast

cell's mating type is determined by a specific genetic locus known as MAT, which governs its mating behaviour. Haploid yeast can switch mating types through

Mating type

be 9 mating types, each of which can mate with 4 other mating types. By multiplicative combination, it generates a vast number of mating types. As an

Mating in fungi

species are able to mate with themselves, while in heterothallic species only isolates of opposite mating types can mate. Mating between isogamous fungi

Setosphaeria turcica

teleomorph) was first described in 1958. A single mating-type locus was identified the next year The mating-type locus of S. turcica follows the same naming convention

Schizophyllum commune

cell fusion. Each locus codes for a mating type sublocus (α or β) and each type is multi-allelic: the A locus has 9 alleles for the α type and an estimated

Aureobasidium pullulans

and its stress tolerance. The genome also contains a homothallic mating-type locus. Further genome sequencing of fifty A. pullulans s. str. strains showed

Zygosity

D. R. (2003-04-01). "Drug Resistance Is Not Directly Affected by Mating Type Locus Zygosity in Candida albicans". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Physarum polycephalum

plasmodium. In laboratory strains carrying a mutation at the matA mating-type locus, the differentiation of P. polycephalum plasmodia can occur without